Triangle

Triangle
Dimensionality	2
Schläfli Symbol	'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000001-QINU`"'
Symmetry	Triangular dihedral symmetry (D3)
Coxeter–Dynkin diagram
Bowers acronym	trig
Subfacets
Vertices	3 points
Edges	3 line segments
Faces	1 triangle
Hypervolumes
Vertex Count	'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000002-QINU`"'
Edge Length	'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'
Surface Area	'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000004-QINU`"'

A triangle is the 2 simplex. The study of triangles is called trigonometry (plus the study of angles). Its Bowers acronym is "trig". It is also known as a pyrogon under the elemental naming scheme.

Types of Triangle

By Sides

Equilateral

When all of the angles and edges of a triangle are equal a triangle is equilateral. Each angle must have a measure of exactly 60 degrees.

Isosceles

When a triangle has two equal sides, it is isosceles. It must also have two equal angles.

Scalene

A triangle with three unique side lengths is known as a scalene triangle.

By Angles

Acute

A triangle with all three angles smaller than 90 degrees is called an acute triangle. All equilateral triangles are also acute triangles.

Right-Angled

A triangle with one right angle is a right-angled triangle. Their side lengths follow the equation

$a^2+b^2=c^2$ , where c is the edge length of the side opposite the right angle.

Obtuse

A triangle where at least one angle is greater than 90 degrees is called an obtuse triangle.

Special Cases

A triangle with more than one right angle is usually degenerate but can appear on the surface of a sphere. The same applies to a triangle with angles that sum to greater than 180 degrees, and to triangles that have an angle equal to 180 degrees.

Symbols

The triangle has three Dynkin type symbols:

• x3o (regular)
• ox&#x (isosceles)
• ooo&#x (scalene)

Structure and Sections

Sections

As seen from a vertex, a triangle starts as a point that expands into a line segment.

Hypervolumes

• vertex count =$3$

• edge length =$3l$

• surface area =$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} l^2$

Formulas for a general triangle

If we let a, b, c be the sides of the triangle, and h be the higher perpendicular to side a, then we can obtain these formulae:

• Edge length =$a+b+c$

• Surface area =$\frac{1}{2}ah$

Subfacets

• 1 null polytope (-1D)
• 3 points (0D)
• 3 line segments (1D)
• 1 triangle (2D)

Radii

• Vertex radius:$\frac{\sqrt{3}{3}}l$

• Edge radius:$\frac{\sqrt{3}{6}}l$

Angles

• Vertex angle: 60º

Vertex coordinates

The simplest way to obtain vertex coordinates for an equilateral triangle is as a face of a 3D octahedron, thus yielding the coordinates as

• (1,0,0)
• (0,1,0)
• (0,0,1)

thus giving a triangle of size

$\sqrt{2}$ .

To obtain a triangle in the 2D plane with side 2, the coordinates are

• (±1,-√3/3)
• (0,2√3/3)

Notations

• Tapertopic notation:$1^1$

Related shapes

• Dual: self dual
• Vertex figure: Line segment, length 1

See Also

Dimensionality	Negative One	Zero	One	Two	Three	Four	Five	Six	Seven	Eight	Nine	Ten	Eleven	Twelve	Thirteen	Fourteen	Fifteen	Sixteen	Seventeen	...	Aleph null
Simplex $\{3^{n-1}\}$	Null polytope $)($ $\emptyset$	Point $()$ $\mathbb{B}^0$	Line segment $\{\}$ $\mathbb{B}^1$	Triangle $\{3\}$	Tetrahedron $\{3^2\}$	Pentachoron $\{3^3\}$	Hexateron $\{3^4\}$	Heptapeton $\{3^5\}$	Octaexon $\{3^6\}$	Enneazetton $\{3^7\}$	Decayotton $\{3^8\}$	Hendecaxennon $\{3^9\}$	Dodecadakon $\{3^{10}\}$	Tridecahendon $\{3^{11}\}$	Tetradecadokon $\{3^{12}\}$	Pentadecatradakon $\{3^{13}\}$	Hexadecatedakon $\{3^{14}\}$	Heptadecapedakon $\{3^{15}\}$	Octadecapedakon $\{3^{16}\}$	...	Omegasimplex
Cross $\{3^{n-2},4\}$				Square $\{4\}$	Octahedron $\{3, 4\}$	Hexadecachoron $\{3^2, 4\}$	Pentacross $\{3^3, 4\}$	Hexacross $\{3^4, 4\}$	Heptacross $\{3^5, 4\}$	Octacross $\{3^6, 4\}$	Enneacross $\{3^7, 4\}$	Dekacross $\{3^8, 4\}$	Hendekacross $\{3^9, 4\}$	Dodekacross $\{3^{10}, 4\}$	Tridekacross $\{3^{11}, 4\}$	Tetradekacross $\{3^{12}, 4\}$	Pentadekacross $\{3^{13}, 4\}$	Hexadekacross $\{3^{14}, 4\}$	Heptadekacross $\{3^{15},4\}$	...	Omegacross
Hydrotopes $\{3^{n-2}, 5\}$				Pentagon $\{5\}$	Icosahedron $\{3, 5\}$	Hexacosichoron $\{3^2, 5\}$	Order-5 pentachoric tetracomb $\{3^3, 5\}$	Order-5 hexateric pentacomb $\{3^4, 5\}$	...
Hypercube $\{4, 3^{n-2}\}$				Square $\{4\}$	Cube $\{4,3\}$	Tesseract $\{4, 3^2\}$	Penteract $\{4, 3^3\}$	Hexeract $\{4, 3^4\}$	Hepteract $\{4, 3^5\}$	Octeract $\{4, 3^6\}$	Enneract $\{4, 3^7\}$	Dekeract $\{4, 3^8\}$	Hendekeract $\{4, 3^9\}$	Dodekeract $\{4, 3^{10}\}$	Tridekeract $\{4, 3^{11}\}$	Tetradekeract $\{4, 3^{12}\}$	Pentadekeract $\{4, 3^{13}\}$	Hexadekeract $\{4, 3^{14}\}$	Heptadekeract $\{4,3^{15}\}$	...	Omegeract
Cosmotopes $\{5, 3^{n-2}\}$				Pentagon $\{5\}$	Dodecahedron $\{5, 3\}$	Hecatonicosachoron $\{5, 3^2\}$	Order-3 hecatonicosachoric tetracomb $\{5, 3^3\}$	Order-3-3 hecatonicosachoric pentacomb $\{5, 3^4\}$	...
Hyperball $\mathbb B^n$				Disk $\mathbb B^2$	Ball $\mathbb B^3$	Gongol $\mathbb B^4$	Pentorb $\mathbb B^5$	Hexorb $\mathbb B^6$	Heptorb $\mathbb B^7$	Octorb $\mathbb B^8$	Enneorb $\mathbb B^9$	Dekorb $\mathbb B^{10}$	Hendekorb $\mathbb B^{11}$	Dodekorb $\mathbb B^{12}$	Tridekorb $\mathbb B^{13}$	Tetradekorb $\mathbb B^{14}$	Pentadekorb $\mathbb B^{15}$	Hexadekorb $\mathbb B^{16}$	Heptadekorb $\mathbb {B} ^{17}$	...	Omegaball $\mathbb B^{\aleph_0}$

$\{0\}$	$\{1\}$	$\{2\}$	$\{3\}$	$\{4\}$	$\{5\}$	$\{\frac{5}{2}\}$	$\{6\}$	$\{7\}$	$\{\frac{7}{2}\}$	$\{\frac{7}{3}\}$	$\{8\}$	$\{\frac{8}{3}\}$	$\{9\}$	$\{\frac{9}{2}\}$	$\{\frac{9}{4}\}$	$\{10\}$	$\{\frac{10}{3}\}$	$\{11\}$	$\{\frac{11}{2}\}$	$\{\frac{11}{3}\}$	$\{\frac{11}{4}\}$	$\{\frac{11}{5}\}$	$\{12\}$	$\{\frac{12}{5}\}$	$\{13\}$	$\{\frac{13}{2}\}$	$\{\frac{13}{3}\}$	$\{\frac{13}{4}\}$	$\{\frac{13}{5}\}$	$\{\frac{13}{6}\}$	$\{14\}$	$\{\frac{14}{3}\}$	$\{\frac{14}{5}\}$	$\{15\}$	$\{\frac{15}{2}\}$	$\{\frac{15}{4}\}$	$\{\frac{15}{7}\}$	$\{16\}$	$\{\frac{16}{3}\}$	$\{\frac{16}{5}\}$	$\{\frac{16}{7}\}$	$\{17\}$	$\{\frac{17}{2}\}$	$\{\frac{17}{3}\}$	$\{\frac{17}{4}\}$	$\{\frac{17}{5}\}$	$\{\frac{17}{6}\}$	$\{\frac{17}{7}\}$	$\{\frac{17}{8}\}$	...	$\{\infty\}$	$\{x\}$	$\{\frac{\pi i}{\lambda}\}$
Zerogon	Monogon	Digon	Triangle	Square	Pentagon	Pentagram	Hexagon	Heptagon	Heptagram	Great heptagram	Octagon	Octagram	Enneagon	Enneagram	Great enneagram	Decagon	Decagram	Hendecagon	Small hendecagram	Hendecagram	Great hendecagram	Grand hendecagram	Dodecagon	Dodecagram	Tridecagon	Small tridecagram	Tridecagram	Medial tridecagram	Great tridecagram	Grand tridecagram	Tetradecagon	Tetradecagram	Great tetradecagram	Pentadecagon	Small pentadecagram	Pentadecagram	Great pentadecagram	Hexadecagon	Small hexadecagram	Hexadecagram	Great hexadecagram	Heptadecagon	Tiny heptadecagram	Small heptadecagram	Heptadecagram	Medial heptadecagram	Great heptadecagram	Giant heptadecagram	Grand heptadecagram	...	Apeirogon	Failed star polygon ($x$-gon)	Pseudogon ($\frac{\pi i}{\lambda}$-gon)

Regular $t_0 \{3\}$	Rectified $t_1 \{3\}$	Truncated $t_{0,1} \{3\}$
Triangle	Triangle	Hexagon